Cases of Vibrio infections — including the potentially deadly Vibrio vulnificus — are on the rise across the Southeast, with North Carolina already reporting 59 illnesses and one death through July 31, according to the state Department of Health and Human Services. That figure marks the second-highest midsummer total in five years.
In the Outer Banks, a man has been hospitalized for more than a week after a small leg cut developed into a severe Vibrio vulnificus infection. This species of bacteria, sometimes referred to as “flesh-eating,” can cause necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections that may lead to life-threatening complications without urgent medical care.
Health officials are sounding the alarm as warmer waters and heavy rainfall create ideal conditions for Vibrio bacteria to thrive. Sea-surface temperatures off Cape Hatteras have remained in the mid-80s this summer — about two degrees above the 30-year average. Meanwhile, recent storms have diluted salt levels in sounds and tidal creeks, creating nutrient-rich environments where the bacteria flourish.
Nationwide, Vibrio bacteria are estimated to cause 80,000 illnesses annually. While most infections are mild, Vibrio vulnificus poses a particular threat to people with underlying health conditions, including liver disease, diabetes, or compromised immune systems.
The bacteria commonly enter the body through open wounds exposed to salt or brackish water. In about 10% of cases, infection can also occur from consuming raw or undercooked shellfish. Symptoms of Vibrio vulnificus infection may include painful, bleeding blisters (hemorrhagic bullae), fever, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and severe skin damage.
Early detection and rapid treatment are critical to preventing death from a severe infection. Anyone experiencing symptoms after water exposure or shellfish consumption is urged to seek emergency care immediately.
You can find more information on Vibrio and how to stay safe on NCDHHS’s Division of Public Health website here.
